• [Wiki] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephelus.
• [fishbase] http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Epinephelus-howlandi.html.
• [Kooy2010] Kooijman, S. (2010). Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
• [OhtaAkit2017] Ohta, I., Akita, Y., Uehara, M., and Ebisawa, A. (2017). Age-based demography and reproductive biology of three Epinephelus groupers, E. polyphekadion, E. tauvina, and E. howlandi (Serranidae), inhabiting coral reefs in Okinawa. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 100(11):1451–1467. doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0655-5.