• [Wiki] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiki/Gymnotus_carapo.
• [fishbase] https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Gymnotus-carapo.html.
• [BarbBarb1983] Barbieri, G. and Barbieri, M. C. (1983). Growth and first sexual maturation size of Gymnotus carapo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Lobo reservoir (State of São Paulo, Brazil) (Pisces, Gymnotidae). Revista Hydrobiologia Tropical, 16(2):195--201.
• [CognFial2006] de Paula Cognato, D. and Fialho, C. B. (2006). Reproductive biology of a population of Gymnotus aff. carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) from southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 4(3:339--348.
• [Kooy2010] Kooijman, S. (2010). Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.